DISPENSING AND GENERAL PHARMACY

DISPENSING AND GENERAL PHARMACY

This is the only subject where you assume you know everything, but the day will come where you'll realize there are way too many things to learn.
Not to worry much, this subject is way too interesting.
And coming to the practicals, In B Pharmacy this is the only subject where you'll love the practicals, from preparing simple solutions to cold cream. Everything seems interesting and will definitely increase your interest in pharmacy field.
 This subject includes :

UNIT I
a. Genesis and Evalution of Pharmacy: History of Pharmacy, origin and development of the Pharmacopoeias, History of Ayurveda, salient features of IP, USP and BP. Pharmacy Education – D. Pharm, B Pharm, M.Pharm, Pharma-D, Qualification for getting license.
b. Dispensing Pharmacy: Principles of dispensing, form of prescription,
handling of prescription, source of errors in prescription, care required in dispensing procedures including labeling of dispensed products.
Weights and Measures, introduction to Latin terms, Percentage calculations, alligation method, proof spirit calculations, displacement value and calculations of isotonicity adjustment. General dispensing procedure- posology-calculations of doses.

UNIT II

Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of the following classes of preparations.
(i) Mixtures
(ii) Solutions
(iii) Emulsions
(iv) Powders
 (v) Lotions & liniments
(vi) Ointments
(vii) Suspensions
(viii) Syrups
(ix) Suppositories.
Definition of the following preparations like creams, capsules, pastes, jellies, suppositories, ophthalmics, lozenges, pills, inhalations, paints, sprays and tablet triturates .

UNIT III

 Incompatibilities: Physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities – methods of over coming and handling of prescriptions with incompatibility.

Section-B,
GENERAL PHARMACY

 UNIT IV
Pharmaceutical ethics Introduction to Pharmaceutical ethics, ethical guidelines for retail pharmacist / community Pharmacist, manufacturing Pharmacist and pharmaceutical researcher

UNIT V
 a. Fundemental operations: Weighing, measurement of liquids, procedure of dispensing solutioin.
b. Colors: Reasons for coloring pharmaceutical preparations, coloring of tablets, capsules and non-injectable fluids, Desirable properties of coloring agent, different types of coloring agents. c.Excipients: Types of flavouring agents, preservatives & stabilisers




QUESTION PAPER 2015

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Well, this subject is simple yet complicated.
You'll come across topics which you've already studied, So it makes it simple that way.
It makes it complicated when you actually write, JNTU wants quantity and quality from student, so writing irrelevant stuff wont fetch you marks and writing less wont fetch either.

This subject includes :

UNIT I

Scope of Anatomy and Physiology and basic terminology used in these subjects.
Structure of cell, its components and their function.
Elementary tissues of the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues, their sub- types and characteristics.
Body fluids, Homeostasis
Skeletal system: Structure, composition and functions of skeleton,
classification of joints, types of movements at joints,
Skeletal muscles: Gross anatomy, physiology of muscle contraction,
physiological properties of skeletal muscles and their disorders.
Rhematiod arthritis, gout


UNIT II

Haemopoietic system and Lymphatic System: Composition and functions of blood and its elements, their disorders, blood groups and their significance, mechanism of coagulation, disorders of platelets and coagulation. Anemias and its types, lymph nodes, vessels, lymph organs

.
Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy, physiology and conduction system of heart, blood vessels and circulation. Basic pulmonary, coronary, hepatic, system, understanding of cardiac cycle, cardiac output, heart sounds and electrocardiogram. blood pressure and its regulation. Brief outline of cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, hypotension, atherosclerosis, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

UNIT III

 Digestive System: Gross anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract, functions of its different parts including those of liver, pancreas and gall bladder, various gastrointestinal secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food, peptis ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic disorder, cholecystitis.


UNIT IV

Concept of health and diseases: Disease causing agents and prevention of disease, balanced diet and nutritional deficiency disorders. Demography and Family Planning: Demography cycle, population problem, family planning and various contraceptive methods. Medical termination of pregnancy.

UNIT V

Brief outline of communicable diseases, causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention (chicken pox, measles, influenza, diptheria whooping cough, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, food poisoning, helmenthiasis, malaria, filariasis, rabies, trachoma, tetanus, leprosy, syphilis, gonnorrhoea, and Aids).